Andrew Alm Benson (September 24, 1917 – January 16, 2015) was an American biologist and a professor of biology at the University of California, San Diego, until his retirement in 1989. He is known for his work in understanding the carbon cycle in plants.[ ]
Early life and education
Benson was born on September 24, 1917, in Modesto,
California, the son of a rural physician of Swedish immigrant stock.
[.]
He studied as an undergraduate and masters student at the University of California, Berkeley, where he learned optics from Luis Alvarez and worked in the chemistry lab of Glenn T. Seaborg.
In 1942, he received his Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology;
[.] at Caltech, he worked under the supervision of
Carl Niemann, conducting experiments on the
fluorination of
thyroxine; his later thesis work concerned "
periodate and lead tetraacetate degradation of its vicinal amino glycol".
At that time he also became a conscientious objector to the war in Europe, a political position that caused difficulties for him when he moved back to Berkeley following his graduation.
Post-graduate career
Benson returned to Berkeley as an instructor in July 1942.
In May 1946 he was invited to join the group of
Melvin Calvin, who was then starting a
photosynthesis group in Berkeley's Old Radiation Laboratory, a building that had previously housed a 37-inch
cyclotron built in 1937 by
Ernest Lawrence. He visited
Norway from 1951 to 1952 on a Fulbright fellowship to the Norwegian College of Agriculture, and took a faculty position at Pennsylvania State University in 1954.
He moved to
UCSD from a previous position at the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1962.
[.]
Research
In work done from 1946 through 1953, along with
Melvin Calvin and
James Bassham, Benson elucidated the path of carbon assimilation (the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle) in plants. The carbon reduction cycle is known as the
Calvin cycle, which inappropriately ignores the contribution of Bassham and Benson.
[: "It would be unfair of us to talk of the Calvin cycle and credit its discovery to Melvin Calvin without at least giving a passing nod to Andrew Benson who did a considerable portion of the work while on Calvin's team."] Many scientists refer to the cycle as the Calvin–Benson Cycle, Benson–Calvin, and some call it the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (or CBB) Cycle.
In a paper in the 2002 Annual Review of Plant Biology, Benson provided an in-depth retrospective on his life and work.
Awards and honors
Benson was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1972,
[.] the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1981,
and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1984.
In 1962, the United States Department of Energy gave him the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award for his work using radioactive isotopes to understand the carbon cycle.
[.][ Award citation from U.S. Department of Energy web site.] He also received the Sugar Research Foundation Award in 1950
[.] and the
Stephen Hales Prize of the American Society of Plant Biologists in 1972 for his discovery of
ribulose as a product of the carbon cycle.
[ ASPB Award Winners .] In 2007, a special issue of
Photosynthesis Research was dedicated to him in honor of his 90th birthday.
[ A Tribute to Andrew A. Benson, Photosynthesis Research Volume 92, Number 2, May 2007.]
Benson is a major figure (at Calvin's expense) in episode 2, dealing with photosynthesis, of the history of botany presented in 2011 on BBC Four. The series is presented by Timothy Walker and is entitled .
External links
